Chapter 30: Conjuctions and Particles

	Introduction
<< Chapter 29: Adverbs		GNU Free Documentation License >>

Chapter 30

Conjunctions and Particles

30.1 Coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join two different phrases into one sentence.

і	and
		Ён прыехаў і адразу пачаў працаваць.	He arrived and immediately began to work.
	both
		Мне падабаюцца і клубніца і маліна.	I like both strawberries and raspberries.

а	and
		Ты школьнік, а ён студэнт.	You are in grade school, and he is in college.
	but
		Ён паехаў, а я засталася.	He went, but I stayed behind.

аднак	although
		Гэта не зусім лагічна, аднак значна больш нелагічна быў яго наступны ўчынак.	This was not completely logical, although his next action was much more illogical.

але	but
		Галоўнай іх сілай былі гранаты, але кідаць іх было яшчэ далёка.	Their main weapon was grenades, but it was still a long way to throw them.

ды	and
		Каму-ж, калі не ім, па фэстах валачыцца, ды з бяднейшых пакепліваць?	Who, if not they, should wander around the festival and make fun of poor people?
	but
		Людзі паміралі, ды не спынялі барацьбы.	People died, but they did not stop the fighting.

потым	then
		Ліць пот за іншых в ўласна патрэбе, потым ад голаду змерці гатовы.	To pour sweat for others in their own need, then be prepared to die from hunger.

таксама	also
		Дзеці працавалі таксама як і дарослыя.	The children worked also, just like the adults.

то	both
		Гэта ідзе то ўверх, то ўніз.	It goes both up and down.

ці	or
		Ці рана, ці позна, ці зусім не прыйдзе.	Either sooner, or later, or he will not come at all.

30.2 Subordinating conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions join a clause to another clause, on which it depends.

бо	because
		Хадзем шпарчэй, бо спознімся.	Let's walk faster, because we are going to be late.

каб	so that
		Ён хоча, каб яго сын быў лекарам.	He wants his son to be a doctor.

30.3 Predicates

When these are used, the sentence will not have a noun in the nominative case as a subject. Often they are used in combination with the dative case.

можна	one may
		Гэта можна зрабіць за два дні.	This can get done in two days.

нельга	one must not
		Нельга хадзіць па газонах.	No walking on the grass.
	one cannot
		Чалавеку нельга жыць без любові.	Man cannot live without love.

няма	there is none
		У мяне няма грошай.	I do not have any money.

трэба	it is necessary
		На кожны стрэл трэба было браць дазвол камадзіра.	For each shot, they needed to get the commander's permission.

шкада	it is sad
		Шкада, што тое да мяне яшчэ не дайшло.	It is too bad that it still has not come to me.

30.4 Suffixes

There are suffixes that can be attached to any interrogative pronoun or adverb. Doing this is equivalant to appending “some” to the beginning of an interrogative
pronoun or adverb in English.

-сьці
	Ён яшчэ дадаў пра злачыннасць тае вайны, за якую калісьці прыйдзецца некаму адказваць.	He again thought about the crimes of that war, for which sometime, someone would have to answer.

-небудзь
	Што-небудзь тлумачыць я не меў сілы.	This was something that I did not have the strength to explain.
	Ёсць які-небудзь стары? Што да вайны тут жыў?	Is there someone who's old? That lived here before the war?

-колечы
	Ён пашукаў чаго-колечы з'есці.	He looked for something to eat.

30.5 Other particles

аж	[indicates a limit or extremeness]
		Гналі нас аж да Дунаю.	They pursued us all the way to the Duna.
		Навокал зрабілася аж занадта ціхмана.	All around it became way too quiet.

але	yes
		Але, я вас разумею.	Yes, I understand you.

абы	if only
		Абы яна пазваніла...	If only she would call...
	just
		Хачу забіць яго, абы ціха было.	I want to kill him, just so it would be quiet.

жа	[adds emphasis]
		Ён жа вярнуўся тайком, без дазволу.	He returned secretly, without permission.

так	yes
		Так, але... У чым я магу вам памагчы?	Yes, but... How can I help you?
	so
		Так думаў я.	I thought so.
	so [adds emphasis]
		Бо іх ужо так шмат на тым баку.	Because there is already so many of them on that side.

ці	[indicates question]	Ці размаўляеш па-беларуску?	Do you speak Belarusian?

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	Introduction

Copyright (c) 2004 Christian Cardell Marchant.
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